Analysis of Extreme Rainfall in Padang Using GSMaP Satellite Imagery: Case Study of the July 2023 Flood

Approach Using GSMaP Satellite Data

Authors

  • Hanifsyah Rozi Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Pakhrur Razi Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Harman Amir Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Nofi Yendri Sudiar Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Aulia Rinadi Minangkabau Meteorological Station Class II Padang Pariaman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57265/georest.v2i2.32

Keywords:

Extreme Rainfall, GSMaP Satellite Imagery, Padang Flood, Region Rain Post, precipitation, satellite data validation.

Abstract

Extreme rainfall is a major cause of major flooding in coastal areas, such as Padang, Indonesia. This study analyzes the extreme rainfall event that caused the Padang flood on July 14, 2023 using rainfall data from the Global Satellite Rainfall Mapping system (GSMaP). The aim is to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall during the event and assess the accuracy of GSMaP satellite imagery in capturing the heavy rainfall that caused the flooding. GSMaP satellite data were processed to examine the intensity and distribution of rainfall from July 13, 2023 to July 14, 2023. The analysis showed that rainfall occurred evenly over the entire Padang area, with a peak rainfall intensity of 20-99 mm/day on July 13 and a much higher intensity of 145-434 mm/day on July 14, as recorded by ground-based rain stations. The peak rainfall on the first day occurred at 14:00 UTC, and on the second day at 00:00 UTC. Although GSMaP effectively captured the large-scale rainfall pattern, differences were seen in the local intensity. This continuous rainfall causes severe waterlogging, which then escalates into flooding, which is classified as extreme rainfall. These findings demonstrate the utility of GSMaP in monitoring extreme rainfall, especially in areas with limited ground-based observation infrastructure, and emphasize the role of satellite data in improving early warning systems and flood management strategies in flood-prone areas such as Padang.

References

L. Lin et al., “Contribution of urbanization to the changes in extreme climate events in urban agglomerations across China,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 744, p. 140264, 2020.

UN DESA, “Urban Population Distribution and the Rising Risks of Climate Change,” United Nations Expert Gr. Meet. Popul. Distrib. Urban. Intern. Migr. Dev., no. January, pp. 21–23, 2008.

E. Hermawan et al., “Large-scale meteorological drivers of the extreme precipitation event and devastating floods of early-February 2021 in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia,” Atmosphere (Basel)., vol. 13, p. 1092, 2022.

P. Razi, J. T. S. Sumantyo, D. Perissin, F. Febriany, and Y. Izumi, “Multi-Temporal Land Deformation Monitoring in v Shape Area Using Quasi-Persistent Scatterer (Q-PS) Interferometry Technique,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. Symp., vol. 2018-August, pp. 910–915, 2018, doi: 10.23919/PIERS.2018.8597664.

P. Razi et al., “3D modelling using structure from motion technique for land observation in Kelok 9 flyover,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1876, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1876/1/012026.

E. Cristiano, M. ten Veldhuis, and N. Van De Giesen, “Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall and their effects on hydrological response in urban areas--a review,” Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., vol. 21, pp. 3859--3878, 2017.

A. Suri and S. Azad, “Optimal placement of rain gauge networks in complex terrains for monitoring extreme rainfall events: a review,” Theor. Appl. Climatol., vol. 155, no. 4, pp. 2511–2521, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s00704-024-04856-3.

G. Tang, M. P. Clark, S. M. Papalexiou, Z. Ma, and Y. Hong, “Have satellite precipitation products improved over last two decades? A comprehensive comparison of GPM IMERG with nine satellite and reanalysis datasets,” Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 240, p. 111697, 2020.

W. R. Huang, P. Y. Liu, J. Hsu, X. Li, and L. Deng, “Assessment of near-real-time satellite precipitation products from gsmap in monitoring rainfall variations over taiwan,” Remote Sens., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1–17, 2021, doi: 10.3390/rs13020202.

R. S. A. Palharini, D. A. Vila, D. T. Rodrigues, R. C. Palharini, E. V. Mattos, and G. U. Pedra, “Assessment of extreme rainfall estimates from satellite-based: Regional analysis,” Remote Sens. Appl. Soc. Environ., vol. 23, p. 100603, 2021.

M. Shawky, A. Moussa, Q. K. Hassan, and N. El-Sheimy, “Performance assessment of sub-daily and daily precipitation estimates derived from GPM and GSMaP products over an arid environment,” Remote Sens., vol. 11, no. 23, 2019, doi: 10.3390/rs11232840.

S. Sorooshian, P. Nguyen, S. Sellars, D. Braithwaite, A. AghaKouchak, and K. Hsu, “Satellite-based remote sensing estimation of precipitation for early warning systems,” Extrem. Nat. hazards, disaster risks Soc. Implic., vol. 1, p. 99, 2014.

Putri Yuliana and Pakhrur Razi, “Mapping Coastline Changes In The Mentawai Islands Using Remote Sensing,” Georest, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2022, doi: 10.57265/georest.v1i1.2.

J. Miksic, “HIGHLAND-LOWLAND CONNECTIONS IN JAMBI, SOUTH SUMATRA, AND WEST,” From distant tales Archaeol. Ethnohist. Highl. Sumatra, p. 75, 2009.

N. Y. Sudiar, “Model Pembangkit Data Curah Hujan: Studi Kasus Stasiun Simpang Alai Kota Padang,” Sainstek J. Sains dan Teknol., vol. 7, no. 2, p. 167, 2016, doi: 10.31958/js.v7i2.137.

U. A. Femi and D. Ahmad, “Analisis Curah Hujan di Kota Padang dengan Menggunakan Rantai Markov,” J. Math. UNP, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 45–50, 2019.

P. Razi, J. T. S. Sumantyo, D. Perissin, and Y. Yulkifli, “Potential Landslide Detection in Kelok Sembilan Flyover Using SAR Interferometry,” Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 720–728, 2021, doi: 10.18517/ijaseit.11.2.13767.

R. A. Houze, “Orographic effects on precipitating clouds,” Rev. Geophys., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 1–47, 2012, doi: 10.1029/2011RG000365.

S. Van Valkenburg, “Agricultural Regions of Asia: Part VIII—Malaysia,” Econ. Geogr., vol. 11, pp. 227--246, 1935.

R. M. Petrone and W. R. Rouse, “Tropical-midlatitude exchange of air masses during summer and winter in South America: Climatic aspects and examples of intense events,” Int. J. Climatol., vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1167–1190, 2000, doi: 10.1002/1097-0088(200008)20:10<1167::AID-JOC526>3.0.CO;2-T.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-31

How to Cite

[1]
H. Rozi, P. Razi, H. Amir, N. Y. Sudiar, and A. Rinadi, “Analysis of Extreme Rainfall in Padang Using GSMaP Satellite Imagery: Case Study of the July 2023 Flood : Approach Using GSMaP Satellite Data”, georest, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–5, Dec. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Georest (In Press)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Georest

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Geo-Rest Journal provides open access to anyone so that the information and findings in these articles are useful for everyone. This journal's article content can be accessed and downloaded for free, free of charge, following the creative commons license used.

Creative Commons License
Geo-Rest: GeoScience, Remote Sensing and Technology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.